Worried of Diabetes Mellitus ?? Here's the Dietary Management !!

Hello, Ladies and Gentlemen and my dear friends. Hope you all are doing well in your life. Well I'm back with another Blog and as suggested by the title, we are going to discuss about the disorder Diabetes Mellitus in a little detail in this Blog. Well let's initiate the Blog from its definition...

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by the elevated Blood Glucose levels in the blood (above 150mg/dl)  due to the failure of  production of Insulin from pancreas gland  or  defection in the working  mechanism of Insulin in our body.

Diabetes is on it's peak in India. One in every eight individuals in India is a Diabetic. The Revised WHO figures for the year 2025 is 57.2 million diabetics in India. The average Age for its prevalence is around 30-40 years, but some recent cases were figured out for below 30 years also. 

# ETIOLOGY / CAUSES:

1.SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE:

Peoples who lead a sedentary lifestyle with minimum physical activity and surplus amount of food in the diet or high amount of sugary foods are more prone to develop this Disorder. Foods with high Glycaemic Index have more possibility to trigger the disorder.

       "Glycaemic index of a food refers to the ability of the different food items to raise the sugar level in the blood at different scores  or at varied efficiency on 100.

For example , an Apple raise the blood sugar level to a low extent as compared to the Sugarcane juice or sweets,

so from here we could make a conclusion that Apple has a low glycaemic index and sugarcane juice or sweets have a high glycaemic index 

2.ABDOMINAL FAT:

One gram of fat releases 9 kilocalories , highest among all the macro-nutrients. People with a high waist-Hip ratio .... indicating fat is largely distributed in the Abdominal Cavity so have a greater risk of developing diabetes as compared to the similar amount of fat distributed in the peripheral cavity, since Inter- abdominal fat cells release Fatty Acids very rapidly.

Normal waist-Hip ratio for men is less than 0.9 cm

Normal waist-Hip ratio for women is less than 0.85 cm

3.INSULIN RESISTANCE:

Insulin resistance is the inability of the body to control Blood glucose levels, with normal Insulin produced by the Pancreas. Insulin resistance is directly related to Obese peoples, who have a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/mt square. 

                                  "Almost all the Hormones in our Body, degrades the effect of Insulin in our Body......all hormones are Antagonist to        Insulin.

INSULIN IS THE ONLY HORMONE THAT REDUCES THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL ELSE ALL OTHER HORMONES INCREASES THE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL, SO INSULIN COULD BE TERMED AS A SAVIOR .

Insulin resistance is promoted by foods having a High glycaemic Index and fatty foods rich in LDL - cholesterol (bad cholesterol).

Insulin resistance is retarded by the Micro-nutrient ZINC , which is present in good concentrations in Red meats, spinach, Broccoli, mushrooms, whole eggs and most concentrated in Dark chocolate (bournvilla) or cocoa-powder.

# SYMPTOMS OR CLINICAL FINDINGS:

1.POLYURIA:

Polyuria refers to the increased or frequent urination  than the normal rate at regular intervals of time, as Glucose reduces the osmolality          (osmotic pressure) of the glomerular filtrate thus preventing the re-absorption of water.....a Low Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), resulting in markedly increased volume of urine . It is the first symptom of Diabetes Mellitus.

2.POLYDIPSIA:

Polydipsia refers to the increased thirst as compared to the usual, due to the loss of excess water and electrolytes during urination.

3.POLYPHAGIA:

Polyphagia refers to the increased hunger , due to the loss of Glucose in urine....so tissues are now starved of Nutrients. 

4.FATIGUE AND LOSS OF WEIGHT:

Impaired utilization of Carbohydrate and loss of Glucose ( basic fuel of our Body) , results in a sense of fatigue and loss of body tissue and muscle wasting could be seen due to the disturbances in the carbohydrate metabolism.

5.BLURRING OF VISION:

Excess sugar deposition on eyes causes refraction changes of the lens, leads to blurring of vision.

#NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT:

1.FOODS TO BE INCLUDED:

Green leafy Vegetables, Salads, spices in moderation, Buttermilk, Coffee, Milk, Curd,Clear soups, fruits such as Watermelon, papaya, Guava, except Banana ( as it has too much of calories), Brown Bread [ A must] or Brown rice per serving daily for the Diabetic.

These food items are recommended as these have Low glycaemic Index [GI], and don't raises the Blood sugar level abnormally high.

2.FOODS TO BE USED IN MODERATION :

Cereals except Rice ( as it has simple carbohydrates) , Pulses , Good Fat such as olive oil and rice bran oil , White Meat such as Chicken and Fish, Eggs and Dry Fruits such as Cashew nuts and Almonds but in moderation.

3. FOODS TO BE AVOIDED:

All the simple sugars such as Glucose, Honey, Chocolates, Sweets, soft drinks, Pastries, Cakes, Candies ,Jaggery, Banana, carrot, beetroot, sweet potato,Sweetened juices and specially Alcohol and Beer.( as it has too much of Simple Carbs which raises the Blood sugar level rapidly).

PRO- TIP:

Well The pro tip for Diabetes Mellitus is "Fenugreek seeds" or in Hindi it is called "Methi ke beej". These seeds are rich in fibre which is mucilaginous[ 20-50% fibre content] and also contains an Alkaloid substance called TRIGONELLINE  which is known to reduce Blood sugar level along with blood cholesterol levels.

Well all you need to do is to take 25 to 50 grams of Fenugreek seeds in a powdered form and mix in a drink of buttermilk or water and consume it 15 minutes before meals (lunch or dinner). THESE SEEDS HAVE BENEFITS OF INSULIN OR COULD BE TERMED AS NATURAL INSULIN. 

Calories recommended per day for a Diabetic :  25 kcals / kg IBW [ for 55-65 kg person]

                                                                              :  20 kcals / kg IBW [ for 70-80 kg person]

                                                                              : 15 kcals / kg IBW  [ for 80+ to 90 kg person]

So if a person weighs 60 kg ideal for example, then his maintenance calories would be 25 multiplied by 60 = 1500 kcals/ day.

fenugreek seeds

 Well that's all for the today's Blog , hope you all like it and satisfied with the info that iv'e provided .

 Do let me know if it was helpful or not ,and also tell me the topics i need to cover for you all if are having

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